History of Syeikh Subakir in Java

Who is the guardian not only associated with the myth of planting "seeds" man In Java land, but also in the list of the first batch of government and trying to Islamize the king who built the temple Borobudur temple, samaratungga? He talked from time to time and from generation to generation until today as Sheikh Subakir. 

"Among the possibilities ... king in Java that had converted to Islam ... is the King samaratungga (k. 800--825 AD) in the era of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom (precisely: Terla Mataram, GM) in Central Java after the Charter Canggal year 732 AD, the dialogue sheikh Subakir, "so expressed by Kiai Haji (KH) Muhammad Sholikhin. In a footnote, he added, "(In) the year 820 AD, King samaratungga build the largest temple, Borobudur temple. It seems the arrival of Sheikh Subakir and contacts with the King going on ... the end of the reign of King samaratungga. "
As for Shaykh Subakir, trustee from Persia (now Iran), it is said, came to preach in Java in the year 808 AH (1404 AD), along with eight other Walisanga first period on the orders of Sultan Muhammad I of Turkey. So, again supposedly, according Kanzul Uloom Ibn Battuta (pp. 1304-1378), whose writing forwarded by Mawlana Muhammad Al-Magråbi.
Arriving in Java, they share the task. Shaykh Subakir around, menumbali haunted place. He chose a good ground to be used as boarding. In fact, the land was occupied genie that tend to mislead people. Shaykh Subakir make the sacrifice of stone. After many places ditumbali, he returned to Persia in 1462 AD and died there. 

Make the sacrifice of stone? Rather difficult to answer this question. Adam religious traditions Suråsentikå Samin teaching (pp. 1859-1914), who lived in Blora, but its influence spread to Pati, Bojonegoro, and Madison, for example, just pass on the prayer of the Prophet Zechariah in terms of finding a good land to be occupied. Prayer 'is slipped inside the book pandom (guidelines) bequeathed life, Serat Lampahing Urip. 

"When the soil is black, foul-smelling, singkiri course, uninhabitable. This is the prayer of the Prophet Zechariah to menumbali ground. Saratnya handful of salt, do'anya read seven times, salt sprinkled left, fasting day and night or day. Willing-GOD Almighty, no shortage. It do'anya: Allahumma ma'alaihi Nasirun. Anna firqun firqun qådirun, Minnu ya GOD ya råbbal 'alamin, waya Khairun nashirin, biråhmatika yes arham ar-Rahimin. "
So little is told people about the sheikh Subakir. Even if there were written, as noted above, the story mixed with myth and legend. Worse than that, his arrival is associated with the placement of the first "seed" man in the land of Java. which occurred in the second half of the first century AD or before the beginning of the year Çaka. 

In fact, the majority of people know Java, the Saka year in connection with the arrival of the alphabet Aji Saka in southern India. He defeated the demon king Gaffar, who said people like to eat on his own people. Aji Saka and enthroned government Mauni it, set the day of his arrival as early Saka, spread the Hindu religion, and create Java letter.

The ancient version of human origins Java nature bellum omnium contra omnes (war of destruction one human by another), not evolution (changes in the plans of the apes), as alleged by the British scientist Charles Robert Darwin (p. 1809- -1882), narrated by historians Delhi, Lord Wangsakerta (d. 1713) and Earl Junior (PS) Sulèndråningrat.
Another version of "planting" people in the West but also involves Raden Usman Haji of Israel. [10] The tales are told in the region of Yogyakarta and Madison could very well be from Paramayoga posts Raden Mas Ngabehi (RMNg.) Ranggawarsita (p. 1802--1873) new "issue" in Surakarta in 1884.

In fact, many other sources state his' Haji Othman was none other than Sunan Ngudhung, father of Sunan Kudus II.
To be sure, both Wangsakerta, Sulèndråningrat, and Ranggawarsita use the same source: Jitapsårå work Begawan Paskal, quoting the original library Darya Hindustan Land, as well as the original Miladuniren Najran, Silsilatul Guyub Sinhalese origin, Musar, and al-juice Bearman Original Rum Estate (- Asia) aka Turkey

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Walisongo, Spreader of Islam in Java

The Wali Sanga (also transcribed as Wali Songo) are revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, because of their historic role in the Spread of Islam in Indonesia. The word wali is Arabic for "trusted one" ("guardian" in other contexts in Indonesia) or "friend of God" ("saint" in this context), while the word songo is Javanese for the number nine. Thus, the term is often translated as "9 saints".

Each man is often attributed the title sunan in Javanese, which may derive fromsuhun, in this context meaning "honoured".

Most of the wali were also called raden during their lifetimes, because they were members of royal houses. (See "Style and Title" section of Yogyakarta Sultanate for an explanation of Javanese nobility terms.)

The graves of Wali Sanga are venerated as locations of ziarah (ziyarat) or localpilgrimage in Java.The graves are also known as pundhen in Javanese.

Origins

Some Muslim mystics came to Java from Gujarat, India via Samudera Pasai (part of what is now Aceh). The earliest wali songo was Maulana Malik Ibrahim (originally from Samarkand) who arrived on Java in 1419 CE.

Tracing the lineage back further than Maulana Malik Ibrahim is problematic, but most scholars agree all of them are of Arab descendants. Although silsila are listed in various Javanese royal chronicles (such as Sejarah Banten) to denote ancestral lineage, the term in Sufism refers to a lineage of teachers. Some of these spiritual lineages are cited by van Bruinessen in his study of the Banten Sultanate, particularly in regard to Sunan Gunung Jati who was an initiate of various Sufi orders.

Although popular belief sometimes refers to the wali songo as "founders" of Islam on Java, the religion was present by the time the Chinese Muslim admiral Zheng He arrived during his first voyage (1405-1407 CE).

Some of the wali songo had some Chinese ancestry maternally; for example, Sunan Ampel (Chinese name Bong Swi Ho),Sunan Bonang (Ampel's son, Bong Ang), and Sunan Kalijaga (Gan Si Cang)

Synopsis

The composition of the nine saints varies, depending on different sources. The following list is widely accepted, but its authenticity relies much on repeated citations of a handful of early sources, reinforced as "facts" in school textbooks and other modern accounts. This list differs somewhat from the names suggested in the Babad Tanah Jawi manuscripts.

One theory about the variation of composition is: "The most probable explanation is that there was a loose council of nine religious leaders, and that as older members retired or died, new members were brought into this council." However, it should be borne in mind that the term "wali songo" was created retroactively by historians, and so there was no official "group of nine" that had membership. Further, the differences in chronology of the wali suggest that there might never have been a time when nine of them were alive contemporaneously.

Some of the family relationships described below are well-documented; others are less certain. Even today, it is common in Java for a family friend to be called "uncle" or "brother" despite the lack of blood relationship.

• Maulana Malik Ibrahim also known as Sunan Gresik: Arrived on Java 1404 CE, died in 1419 CE, buried in Gresik, East Java. Activities included commerce, healing, and improvement of agricultural techniques. Father of Sunan Ampel and uncle of Sunan Giri.
• Sunan Ampel: Born in Champa in 1401 CE, died in 1481 CE in Demak, Central Java. Can be considered a focal point of the wali songo: he was the son of Sunan Gresik and the father of Sunan Bonang and Sunan Dradjat. Sunan Ampel was also the cousin and father-in-law of Sunan Giri. In addition, Sunan Ampel was the grandfather of Sunan Kudus. Sunan Bonang in turn taught Sunan Kalijaga, who was the father of Sunan Muria. Sunan Ampel was also the teacher of Raden Patah.
• Sunan Giri: Born in Blambangan (now Banyuwangi, the easternmost part of Java) in 1442 CE. His father Maulana Ishak was the brother of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Sunan Giri's grave is in Gresik near Surabaya.
• Sunan Bonang: Born in 1465 CE in Rembang (near Tuban) on the north coast of Central Java. Died in 1525 CE and buried in Tuban. Brother of Sunan Drajat. Composed songs for gamelan orchestra.
• Sunan Drajat: Born in 1470 CE. Brother of Sunan Bonang. Composed songs for gamelan orchestra.
• Sunan Kudus: Died 1550 CE, buried in Kudus. Possible originator of wayang golek puppetry.
• Sunan Kalijaga: His born name is Raden Mas Said, and he is the son of Adipati Tuban, Tumenggung Harya Wilatikta. Buried in Kadilangu, Demak. Used wayang kulit shadow puppets and gamelan music to convey spiritual teachings.
• Sunan Muria: Buried in Gunung Muria, Kudus. Son of Sunan Kalijaga and Dewi Soejinah (sister of Sunan Giri), thus grandson of Maulana Ishak.
• Sunan Gunung Jati: Buried in Cirebon. Founder and first ruler of the Cirebon Sultanate. His son, Maulana Hasanudin, become the founder and the first ruler of Banten Sultanate.

• Additional Wali sanga

  • Sunan Ngampel-Denta - (mentioned in the Babad Tanah Jawi)
  • Sunan Sitijenar - (mentioned in the Babad Tanah Jawi)
  • Sunan Walilanang - (mentioned in the Babad Tanah Jawi)
  • Sunan Bayat (mentioned in Babad Tanah Jawi)
  • Sunan Ngudung (son-in-law of Sunan Ampel and father of Sunan Kudus),

  Sources of information

  Information about Wali Sanga is usually available in three forms:

  (a) cerita rakyat: usually written as school texts for children to understand the lives and teaching of the holy men who propagated Islam in Java and Sumatra. Some have been made into TV series, segments of which are available on YouTube.

  (b) kraton (palace) manuscripts with 'sacred' connotations: in verse and subject to limited access.

  (c) articles and books about the historical personages: by Indonesian and non-Indonesian writers who attempt to ascertain historical accuracy, sometimes by seeking corroboration from non-Indonesian accounts of history or religion.

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Islamic kingdom in Java

At the end of the 16th century, Islam has surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in Java, through propaganda that first run to the ruler of the island. In this period, Islamic kingdoms Demak, Cirebon and Banten build power. Sultanate of Mataram in the late 16th century grew into a dominant force of the central and eastern Java. The rulers of Surabaya and Cirebon successfully subjugated under the power of Mataram, so just Mataram and Banten who then left when the arrival of the Dutch in the 17th century.

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JAVANESE CULTURAL AND ISLAMIC JAVANESE CHARACTERISTICS

Research Clifford Geertz (in Robertson, 1986: 182) argues that the Javanese village is as old as the Javanese. Evolution villages in Java to achieve their present form at each stage of it has been laid out and expressed with a religious system that is less unified. Before the arrival of Hindu religion around 400 BC, the religious traditions of the various ethnic Malays still contains elements of animism.

After centuries later animist tradition in Java is proven to absorb into the elements from Hinduism and Islam which came later in the XV century AD Thus, according to Geertz at the present time in rural Java religious system generally consists of a a balanced combination of elements of animism, Hinduism, and Islam, a basic syncretism which is true folk tradition, a basic substratum of civilization.

Geertz study prompted the three classes of the Java community, namely the priyayi, santri, and abangan that each has characteristics of different religious.

Geertz above findings show there is a special feature of the Java community diversity, especially Muslim communities, although in later development, when the public aware of the religion and religious knowledge deepens, they gradually untied syncretism which is a legacy of religious belief or age her that the dynamics is considered as a culture that is still well preserved, even should be upheld. In other words, a culture that developed in Java influence the attitude of the religious community.

Communities such as that which gave birth to a religion that became known as Jawi religion, or Javanese Islam, which is a belief and concepts of Hindu-Buddhist inclined towards mysticism mixed together and recognized as a religion.

In general, these are converted to the Muslim community, but do not live the teachings of Islam as a whole, because of the other streams also run as a guide, the flow kejawen. Kejawen actually be categorized as a culture that is contrary to the teachings of Islam, because this culture is still showing behaviors that are contrary to the teachings of Islam, such as confidence in the presence of other forces besides the power of God

Confidence in the strength of which is meant to believe in spirits, heirlooms, and the tombs of the figures, which are supposed to give blessings in one's life.

Most of the Java community has had a formal religion, but in life still appear to have a belief system that is still strong in his religious life, such as the belief in the existence of gods, spirits, or ancestors. Since humans are aware of the existence in the world, from that moment he began to think about the purpose of his life, truth, goodness, and his Lord.

One example of this opinion is the custom in the Java community, especially that adheres to Islam Kejawen for pilgrimage (come) to the tombs which are considered sacred on Tuesday night and Friday PON to seek blessings.

Java community who embraced Islam Kejawen in performing various daily activities are also influenced by beliefs, concepts, views, cultural values, and norms that are mostly located in the natural mind. Recognizing the reality as it is, then the Java mainly of Javanese groups do not like debating the establishment of his or her belief about God.

They never consider that trust and confidence in yourself is the most true and the other false. Mental attitude like this is a fertile ground for the growth of very large tolerances in both the religious life as well as in other fields.

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